Thursday, 28 December 2017

SEMINAR TOPIC: EARTH AS STORAGE DEVICE

               

                        EARTH AS A STORAGE DEVICE




This paper deals with the fascinated idea of Earth, our mother planet turned out into a huge data storage device. This solves the long standing ever growing data needs and caters to the data storage for all purposes at a very cheap and easily available resource – the earth. The arrangement of certain minerals of metals and the phenomenon of ferromagnetism, result in our technological ability to store data, save information and leave previous versions of the present behind stored onto some physical medium called a hard disk or a hard drive.
A hard drive, though, would be an object as much as a technical one; it is a content-rich, heavily processed re-configuration of the earth's surface. On & on everything on earth is derived from earth itself.
In this paper, we will get to know three methods of using earth as a data storage device:
1.      Earth’s magnetic field
2.      Earth as a huge hologram
3.      Earth’s surface 
In the first case, Earth’s magnetic alignment and magnetic fields are used to
Capture and store data. Second case, the concepts of data storage in a hologram and earth being used as the biggest ever 3D hologram are combined. Third case assumes earth’s surface containing silicates to store data.
            All the three cases are practically feasible and require very primitive techniques of data storage. Practically it has been demonstrated that earth’s holographic character is found to store data, so also its magnetic field. Now research is going on to turn earth’s crust and rock beds into storage devices.
INTRODUCTION

What If the Earth Is a Giant Hard Drive? This question itself is a mystery… once we achieve this never thought of concept, most of the data storage problems would be solved. Today’s technological development has resulted in outpour of huge data running billions of terabytes and none of the available data storage techniques are able to harness this everlasting problem. So if we could turn out our earth into a hard disk, this would not only solve the data storage problem but also enhance data integrity.

All magnetic storage devices read and write data by using electromagnetism. This basic principle of physics states that as an electric current flow through a conductor (wire), a magnetic field is generated around the conductor. Note that electrons actually flow from negative to positive, although we normally think of current flowing in the other direction. The earth is found to have a magnetic field pertaining to its semi-solid Iron core. The earth would become a kind of spherical hard drive, with information stored in those moving webs of magnetic energy that both surround and penetrate its surface. This may also lead to situations wherein whole planets out there, turning in space, actually become the hard drives - spherical data-storage facilities made of content-rich bedrock.

Holographic data storage is a potential replacement technology in the area of high-capacity data storage currently dominated by magnetic andconventional optical data storage. The satellite triangulation can be used to convert our earth into a huge hologram to store data in manifolds.

It’s been found that arrangement of certain minerals of metals and the phenomenon of ferromagnetism can be used to turn out earth’s surface, which is rich in silicates, as a hard disk. So each inch of ground below us is virtually an equivalent (or rather a hundred times more) to a normal USB pen drive of say 16 GB capacity. This also hints us to harness the unused hundreds of acres of barren land to be ploughed to store information- the right use of earth in all aspects.

Isn’t the earth already like that? We have fossils and minerals, and records of various environmental, geological, biological, and universal changes in our history due to the earth itself.

So therefore, the earth already is a hard drive, and all matter in the universe is inscribed with information about its history...

Probably even at the molecular level!!!

A Brief Background:

This is not an advanced concept of years to come. It already exists!!!

In India Yogis have already found that planets in the solar system actually work as memory devices and different planets storing different data and the receivers and transmitters exist in human body. This they called it as Akasa the sky records which stores everything the humans experience and transfers to next lives. In fact everything we experience is not stored in brain and brain actually works as a converter, transmitter and receiver of data collecting from different hubs in body called Pranic Chakras. The Chakras work on Prana the cosmic energy (unified energy) the scientists are trying to find now. The astrology in India is so developed and authenticates the existence of it and an experienced astrologer can exactly tell you what exactly you did last minute and what you are going to do next minute.

           
Even Egyptians, in constructing pyramids kept a thorough knowledge of earth’s magnetic field alignments. The pyramid was so designed that it acted like a magnetic volcano. Whether it was done so to store data is arguable, but the ancient knew to harness geomagnetism.

Ice glaciers record climate data which can be read through ice cores. The various pores of layers of earth’s soil also records various happenings of time. But this is all analog information. Once digital storage is realized, our problem is done and we’d arrive at our solution.


WORKING:

Hard Disk Drives record data by magnetizing ferromagnetic material directionally, to represent either a 0 or a 1 binary digit. They read the data back by detecting the magnetization of the material. A pair of laser beams is used to write data into discs of light-sensitive plastic, with both aiming at the same spot. One beam shines continuously, while the other pulses on and off to encode patches that represent digital 0s and 1s.
               This analogy can be applied to earth to turn it into a hard drive. Some vast and slow-moving machine, that moves over exposed faces of bedrock of earth and “encodes" that geological formation with data. This would be used to inscribe information into the planet.

Here is an example for this fantastic idea….

In the recent biography of Sir Christopher Wren – whose towers, domes and steeples appear in the image above – Lisa Jardine describes how she discovered that the London Monument, designed in 1677 by Wren and Robert Hooke together, is actually "a unique, hugely ambitious, vastly oversized scientific instrument" that uses "strategically placed vents and vantage points" to function as a multi-purpose observation deck and lab for measuring atmospheric pressure.
Those buried urban routes, with all their circuits linked and cross-connected into electrically mechanized networks that passed through mineral deposits and solid bedrock – including the various branches of late-night service
That maintained more or less perpetual motion, humming and soaring through manmade canyons beneath parks and plazas and apartment blocks, as if to imply that the global geotechnical industry had been taken over by Athanasius Kircher.

As a sail traps the wind, a *planetary hard drive* would use geomagnetism.
Provided constant motion on behalf of the trains, I thought, and given absolutely gigantic magnets of the right polarity and location, Berlin could start producing its own magnetic field – which meant that any city with a subway could be transformed into a hard drive. Hard drive London, Hard drive Beijing. Hard drive Moscow.

THE AMOUNT OF DATA THAT CAN BE STORED………
The very newest drives are putting 500G on a 3 1/2" disk.
That is a radius of 1.75"
The total area is pi * 1.75 sq = 9.62 sq-in
The area of the 1" disk hub is pi * .5 sq = 0.79 sq-in
The writeable magnetic area is 9.62 - 0.79 = 8.83 sq-in
           

The area of the Earth in square miles is 197 million.
There are (12 x 5280)**2 square inches in one square mile.
This equals 12 x 12 x 5280 x 5280 or 4.01 billion square inches.
Multiply the two - 1.97 x 108 x 4.01 x 109 = 7.9 x 1017 square inches on the entire surface of the Earth.
The surface of area of habitable land is significantly less. There are clearly no more than 49 million square miles of such land.
This amounts to 4.9 x 10^7 x 4.01 x 10^9 = 1.96 x 10^17 square inches.
So figure a bit on a disk drive (assuming a 1:1 aspect ratio, and no error correction, which is wrong)
8.83 sq-in / 500 x 10^9 bits = 1.766 x 10^-11 in-sq/bit
The ratio of the area of a disk to the ratio of the earth is:
1.96 x 10^17 sq-in : 8.83 sq-in = 2.2x10^16
So a bit mapped to the surface of the earth would be:
1.766 x 10^-11 sq-in * 2.2x10^16 = 388520 sq-in
- or - 2698 square feet
So the trick would be to magnetize domains, roughly the size of a my house, in the iron rich upper mantle.
Doing this through the several miles of crust would take a huge field.
It would take some sort of rolling barge sized power plant to work as read/write heads, and would be really slow data access.
Be much easier with the crust and lithosphere removed.
 
FUTURE PROSPECTS:

            Perhaps in future we may not require any hard drives!!! This extends yet further into an idea that perhaps whole planets out there, turning in space, are actually the hard drives of an intelligent species we otherwise have yet to encounter – like mnemonic Death Stars, they are spherical data-storage facilities made of content-rich bedrock – or, perhaps more interestingly, we might even yet discover, in some weird version that the earth itself is already encoded with someone else's data, and that, down there in crystal formations of rock, crystalline archives shimmer.

ADVANTAGES:

   Data storage becomes cheap
   There would be no more spending on data recovery as data failure is ruled out 
     This opens doors for yet another technological revolution
    Data integrity will be retained
   Data transfer also becomes very easy as earth is available everywhere and is always connected
   It is also eco friendly technique as hard disk related manufacturing is ruled out that otherwise involved release of several harmful chemicals.
    E-wastes would be reduced

DISADVANTAGES:

          Data access control is ruled out
       Magnetic fields are always fluctuating and are interfered every now & then by sun’s magnetic field.So data would be always at risk if no special care is taken
        There is no way to align earth’s magnetic field in a single direction throughout which prevents us from storing data along different locations
      Most of the Earth is above the Curie temperature ~500degC, so permanent magnetization is not possible. The Earth's main magnetic field is created by a self-exciting dynamo in the earth's liquid outer core.

CONCLUSION:

The earth is a million year old computer tasked with finding the ultimate question of life, the universe and everything. Of course it has a lot of storage potential; you need a lot of space to store all the information of the universe. But wait... what if this has already been done? We just need to figure out how to read the information that is on there right now.
And this is only possible only if scientist community acts accordingly in this direction, instead of wasting billions of dollars searching for vague alternatives that don’t even carry much weight when the question is with regard to data integrity and its storage in particular.
The already existing satellite network or grid that has encompassed the earth in totality almost can in turn be used to envelope earth into a huge hologram to capture bytes and bytes of data of unimaginably high orders
Even people of all realms must follow common ethics and contribute their will and help to enhance the golden treasure of science. This can be done by simply being away from unethical acts of data stealing and information insecurity – the ruiner of the present ever-spanning technological overflow.
This also leaves us unanswered to questions like what if some aliens are already using earth or for that any other heavenly body as a storage device.
A lot of development needs to be done in the field of communication, to conceal these unexplored and unimaginable facts that not only may solve many globally serious issues but also might give a real meaning to humanity itself.

Wednesday, 29 February 2012

Seminar Topic: BLUE BRAIN
          
                                “Blue brain” – The name of the world’s  first virtual brain. That means a machine   that can function as human brain.  Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not lose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society.  No one has ever understood the complexity of human brain. It is complex than any circuitry in the world. So, question may arise “Is it really possible to create a human brain?” The answer is “Yes”. Because whatever man  has created today always he has followed the nature. When man does not have a device called computer, it was a big question for all .But today it is possible due to the technology. Technology is growing faster than everything.  IBM is now in research to create a virtual brain. It is called “Blue brain”. If possible, this would be the first virtual brain of the world.

                    
      

Installation of GPSR in Ns 2.29


Installation of GPSR:
For the GPSR installation, use the ns-2.29 patch: [ns2-hls-patch.tar.gz] which is given in gpsrinstall folder.
Unpack the tar archive. The new archive includes three files. The patch file, a short README file and a file about the changes done by applying the patch. Apply the patch from your ns-2 directory and execute the patch:
patch -p1 < <path to ns-2.XX-hls.patch>
Changes when establishing the patch:
The patch adds three new directories and some new files:
  • The gpsr directory that includes the functionality of "greedy perimeter stateless routing".
  • The hls directory. Includes all stuff important for hls to work.
  • The locservice directory. Includes everything necessary for location services like HLS to work. Also included are the locservices GLS and RLS.
  • The two C++ codefiles geo_util.h, geo_util.cc are added to the mobile directory
  • gpsr.tcl is added to the tcl/mobility/ directory. This is important for establishing a gpsr agent.
Changed files:
  • mobile/god.h / god.cc
  • common/mobilenode.h
  • common/packet.h
  • common/agent.h
  • common/ip.h
  • trace/cmu-trace.h / cmu-trace.cc
  • mac/mac-802_11.h / mac-802_11.cc
  • mac/mac.h
  • queue/priqueue.h / priqueue.cc
  • tcl/lib/ns-mobilenode.tcl
  • tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl
  • tcl/lib/ns-default.tcl
  • tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl
When you have applied the patch, there is a directory called utils in the new directory hls. There is a tcl script file included that should help you to get used to work with gpsr and location services. There are also some sample files included.
Before you continue, do a make clean, followed by make.
You may get some errors in the files folder Queue due to lines like
if ((p = strstr(v->name(), "ave")) == NULL) &&
              ((p =strstr(v->name(), "prob")) == NULL) &&
              ((p =strstr(v->name(), "curq")) == NULL) &&
              ((p =strstr(v->name(), "cur_max_p"))==NULL) ) {
Replace the lines as

if (((p = const_cast<char*>(strstr(v->name(), "ave"))) == NULL) &&
((p = const_cast<char*>(strstr(v->name(), "prob"))) == NULL) &&
((p = const_cast<char*>(strstr(v->name(), "curq"))) == NULL) &&   ((p = const_cast<char*>(strstr(v->name(), "cur_max_p")))==NULL) ) {

This error may occur in some of the files, replace all files and again try to run makeclean and make
You can start with the sample script hls.tcl. Execution: ../../ns hls.tcl